Password hashes, answers to the security questions and any other juicy information will be displayed in the console avoiding to write any files on the disk. The C# version of the HiveNightmare has been developed by Cube0x0 which enables red teams to use it in memory through execute-assembly of Cobalt Strike or via any other command and control framework like Covenant. The tool will copy the SAM, SECURITY and SYSTEM files from the volume shadow copy into the current directory. Originally Kevin Beaumont has developed in C an executable called HiveNightmare. Weaponization of the technique was trivial and multiple tools exist that could be used depending on the scenario into an assessment. Account Takeover (via the answers of the security questions).There are a variety of offensive security operations which can be conducted through the HiveNightmare technique: Originally all these files can be found in the following directory: C:\Windows\System32\config\SAMĬ:\Windows\System32\config\SYSTEM System Protection The System Protection is enabled by default in Windows operating systems therefore if a restore point has been created then a normal user can access and read the SAM file from the volume shadow copy and the SECURITY and SYSTEM files. In order for a system to be vulnerable to this technique which is called HiveNightmare the following two conditions need to apply: Sine the SAM file contains the password hashes of all the users of the system including the Administrator it can be used as a method to escalate privileges. However, as it has been discovered by Jonas Lyk various versions of Windows 10 and Windows 11 allowing a standard user to read the SAM file due to a misconfiguration on the permissions of the file. Therefore SAM is a file of interest for any pentest engagement as password hashes could retrieved for offline cracking once local privilege escalation have been achieved. Since it is considered a sensitive file SYSTEM level privileges are required to view its contents. This exploit uses VSC to extract the SAM, SYSTEM, and SECURITY hives even when in use, and saves them in current directory as HIVENAME-haxx, for use with whatever cracking tools, or whatever, you want.The security account manager (SAM) file contains the password hashes of the users on a Windows system. What does the exploit do?Īllows you to read SAM data (sensitive) in Windows 10, as well as the SYSTEM and SECURITY hives. The permissions on key registry hives are set to allow all non-admin users to read the files by default, in most Windows 10 configurations. Additions by on all supported versions of Windows 10, where System Protection is enabled (should be enabled by default in most configurations).Discovered by PoC by powered by Porgs.This is the direct download link for most recent version: Authors For example, this includes hashes in SAM, which can be used to execute code as SYSTEM. What is this?Īn zero day exploit for HiveNightmare, which allows you to retrieve all registry hives in Windows 10 as a non-administrator user. Exploit allowing you to read any registry hives as non-admin.
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